The “m-Finance” appeal rests on two possibilities: (1) mobile phones will allow banks to conduct business more cost-effectively, and by cutting costs, the technology will make it feasible to reach a broader population; and (2) mobile phones and related technologies will alter the nature of banking relationships themselves, and doing so will mean going back to the basics and rethinking assumptions about the financial demands of poor households. Economists Kappor, Morduch, and Ravi explore the mobile technology revolution and discuss its application for improving banking services for the poor.