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Finding Missing Markets: An Agricultural Brokerage Intervention in Kenya
Small-holder farmers typically sell their horticultural produce (fruits and vegetables but not flowers) on the domestic market, rather exporting them for higher returns. One organization, DrumNet, a cashless microcredit and horticultural marketing program, provides access to agricultural credit, assists small-holder farmers with strategic marketing, in particular packaging and distribution of fruits and vegetables for export, and provides information on marketing opportunities and distribution (handling, packaging, transportation, and logistics). To determine the impact of these information services and access to credit on returns, 750 farmers from 36 farmers' self-help groups (SHG) are randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (500 each) and a control group (250) that receives no treatment. Farmers in SHGs assigned to the first treatment are offered basic access to DrumNet services, in particular information about marketing opportunities, transportation and logistics. Farmers in SHGs assigned to the second treatment group are offered access to basic services as well as short-term individual loans in the form of store credit for agricultural supplies (seeds, fertilizer, herbicide, etc.) just before, and proportional to, the harvest. These loans are low-risk as proceeds from harvest sales are applied directly to repayment (major risks are shocks or defection of sales through another channel).
Results
Treatment individuals are 19.2% more likely to be growing an export crop than individuals in the control group. They also devote a greater proportion of land to cash crops, grow more horticultural produce, and spend less in marketing expenditures that individuals in the control group. Farmers are less likely to grow horticultural produce for export without credit. A comparison of SHG members with access to credit to those without shows that credit is effective in improving yield per acre, but the improvement does not translate into differential income gains. One year after the study ended, the exporter refused to continue buying the cash crops from the farmers because the conditions of the farms did not satisfy European export requirements. DrumNet collapsed in this region as farmers were forced to sell to middlemen and defaulted on their loans.
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Project Overview
Researchers
Nava Ashraf, Xavier Giné, Dean Karlan
Research Areas
Mechanisms Matter
Themes
Credit, Marketing
Research Questions
What role does agricultural credit play in increasing horticultural produce for export? How does information on marketing and distribution increase returns to farmers?
Country
Kenya
Sample
1250 farmers from 36 self-help groups
Status
Complete |

