This note describes simultaneous borrowing and saving, and it provides evidence highlighting an explanation rooted in difficulties re-building savings. The explanation suggests why high interest rates on loans may even be a desirable attribute for some borrowers.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
December 2009
Authors:
Jonathan Morduch
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Reimagining Financial Access
Themes:
Commitment Devices, Savings
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Microcredit markets in many regions are becoming more competitive. This is generally a good thing for borrowers.
These two commonly heard statements raise a number of questions for policy makers: How to measure the intensity of competition over time? And is competition among lenders always a good thing for borrowers? Or do credit markets, and microcredit markets in particular, have any special features which may change or modify the conventional view of competition? If so, what tools do regulators have to promote competition? The FAI Focus Note “Competition Policy in Microcredit Markets” provides some initial answers to these questions for policy makers who wish an introduction to the issue. To do this, the Focus Note combines general competition theory and policy with evidence from credit markets and microcredit in particular. Since competition involves winners and losers, the regulator’s dilemma here is identifying and making the tradeoffs necessary to find a level of competition appropriate to the stage of market development and in line with national objectives.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
December 2009
Authors:
David Porteous
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Investment and Regulation
Themes:
Credit
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The global financial crisis provides a sharp reminder of how weak lending practices not only affect the lives of many people but also can have severe systemic consequences. However, policies designed to protect may unintentionally restrict the extension of credit, especially to poorer borrowers.
While the financial crisis provides evidence of the need for greater consumer protection, adding costs and complexity to credit processes may slow renewed formal lending. Confronted by these growing pressures at a macro-economic level, policy makers and regulators face a “regulator’s dilemma”: how much and how to intervene in credit markets to protect not only those borrowers who already have access to formal credit, but also to protect access to credit itself. At the heart of successfully resolving this dilemma, as in all such dilemmas, is the process of carefully identifying and evaluating the trade-offs involved.
The FAI Policy Note “Consumer Protection in Credit Markets” advocates an evidence-based approach and provides pointers to help policy makers establish a regime of consumer protection appropriate to the state of development of different credit markets and in line with broader national objectives such as financial inclusion.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
December 2009
Authors:
David Porteous
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Investment and Regulation
Themes:
Consumer Protection, Credit
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The first global estimate of its kind reveals that 2.5 billion adults do not use formal services to save or borrow. Who are these ‘unbanked’ populations? Where do they live? How do they survive? And what lessons do these estimates hold for policymakers working to improve levels of financial inclusion for poor populations?
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
October 2009
Authors:
Aparna Dalal, Jonathan Morduch, Alberto Chaia, Tony Goland, Maria Jose Gonzalez, Robert Schiff
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Reimagining Financial Access
Themes:
Big Picture, Participation, Research Methodology, Ultra Poor
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This note reviews innovations in the provision of credit.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
June 2009
Authors:
Dean Karlan, Jonathan Morduch
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Mechanisms Matter
Themes:
Big Picture, Credit
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This note reviews why risk management is both important and difficult for the poor, and how access to insurance is being expanded.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
June 2009
Authors:
Dean Karlan, Jonathan Morduch
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Mechanisms Matter
Themes:
Big Picture, Insurance
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This note reviews ideas and evidence about expanding access to saving products.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
June 2009
Authors:
Dean Karlan, Jonathan Morduch
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Mechanisms Matter
Themes:
Big Picture, Savings
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Type:
Framing Note
Date:
January 2009
Authors:
Daryl Collins, Jonathan Morduch, Stuart Rutherford, Orlanda Ruthven
Country:
Bangladesh; Global; India; South Africa
Research Areas:
Reimagining Financial Access
Themes:
Big Picture
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La conciencia pública sobre la inequidad global ha sido elevada por grupos indignados de ciudadanos, periodistas, políticos, organizaciones internacionales, yestrellas del pop. Los diarios informan regularmente sobre las tendencias de las tasas de pobreza en todo el mundo y sobre campañas globales dirigidas a reducir esas tasas a la mitad. Un ingreso diario de menos de dos dólares por persona se ha convertido en un indicador ampliamente reconocido para definir a los pobres del mundo. El Banco Mundial cuantificó 2,700 millones de personas en esta categoría en 2001 – dos quintas partes de la humanidad. Entre estos 2,700 millones de seres, los 1,100 millones más pobres a duras penas sobrevivían con menos de un dólar al día.
Para quienes no tenemos que hacerlo, es difícil imaginar cómo es vivir con un ingreso tan pequeño. Ni siquiera tratamos de imaginarlo. Suponemos que con ingresos en estos niveles tan imposiblemente bajos, es muy poco lo que los pobres pueden hacer por sí mismos más allá de sobrevivir de manera precaria. Sus posibilidades de salir de la pobreza deben depender, asumimos, ya sea de la caridad internacional o de su eventual incorporación a la economía globalizada. Los debates públicos más acalorados sobre la pobreza en el mundo, por lo tanto, son aquellos sobre los flujos de ayuda y la condonación de la deuda, y sobre las virtudes y los vicios de la globalización. La discusión sobre lo que los pobres pueden hacer por ellos mismos se oye con menos frecuencia. Si es difícil imaginar cómo sobreviviría uno con uno o dos dólares al día, es aun más difícil imaginar cómo se podría prosperar.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
January 2009
Authors:
Daryl Collins, Jonathan Morduch, Stuart Rutherford, Orlanda Ruthven
Country:
Bangladesh; Global; India; South Africa
Research Areas:
Reimagining Financial Access
Themes:
Big Picture
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Examines claims about returns to capital earned by poor households.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
May 2008
Authors:
Jonathan Morduch
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Mechanisms Matter
Themes:
Interest Rates, Product Design
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Provides an list of academic and non-academic papers on the demand for and impact of savings mechanisms in developing countries.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
April 2008
Authors:
Jonathan Morduch
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Reimagining Financial Access
Themes:
Savings
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Examines how the poor manage their money through a behavioral economics lens.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
April 2008
Authors:
Sendhil Mullainathan, Sudha Krishnan
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Reimagining Financial Access
Themes:
Behavioral Economics
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Examines the challenges researchers face in measuring the impact of credit.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
January 2008
Authors:
Nathanael Goldberg, Dean Karlan
Country:
Global, Global
Research Areas:
Measuring Impact
Themes:
Credit
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Type:
Framing Note
Date:
January 2008
Authors:
Nathanael Goldberg, Dean Karlan, Jonathan Zinman
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Measuring Impact
Themes:
Credit, Research Methodology
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Examines saving mechanisms and the challenges in measuring their impact.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
January 2008
Authors:
Dean Karlan
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Mechanisms Matter
Themes:
Savings
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Examines how credit scoring can be used to improve microfinance operations and expand access for poor households.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
December 2007
Authors:
Dean Karlan, Jonathan Zinman
Country:
South Africa
Research Areas:
Measuring Impact
Themes:
Credit
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Type:
Framing Note
Date:
December 2007
Authors:
Dean Karlan, Sendhil Mullainathan
Research Areas:
Mechanisms Matter
Themes:
Credit
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Examines the reasons behind low savings despite high credit interest rates, low joint-production and labor market inefficiencies.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
August 2007
Authors:
Bindu Ananth, Dean Karlan, Sendhil Mullainathan
Country:
India
Research Areas:
Reimagining Financial Access
Themes:
Savings
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Reviews design considerations of various research methodologies for impact evaluations.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
August 2006
Authors:
Nathanael Goldberg, Dean Karlan
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Measuring Impact
Themes:
Research Methodology
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Explains the notion of “smart subsidies” and makes a case for their application to increase the scale of microfinance, access to commercial funds and outreach.
Type:
Framing Note
Date:
December 2005
Authors:
Jonathan Morduch
Country:
Global
Research Areas:
Investment and Regulation
Themes:
Commercialization & Subsidy
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Highlighted Publications
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Type:
Framing Note
Date:
December 2009
Authors:
Jonathan Morduch
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Type:
Framing Note
Date:
October 2009
Authors:
Aparna Dalal, Jonathan Morduch, Alberto Chaia, Tony Goland, Maria Jose Gonzalez, Robert Schiff
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Type:
Framing Note
Date:
May 2008
Authors:
Jonathan Morduch
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Type:
Framing Note
Date:
April 2008
Authors:
Jonathan Morduch
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